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西安不銹鋼管的焊接方法大全

日期:2024-07-12 04:55
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摘要:<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">西安不銹鋼管的焊接方法大全</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">西安不銹鋼管熱處理國外普遍采用帶保護氣體的無(wú)氧化連續熱處理爐,進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的中間熱處理和*終的成品熱處理,由于可以獲得無(wú)氧化的光亮表面,從而取消了傳統的酸洗工序。這一熱處理工藝的采用,既改善了鋼管的質(zhì)量,又克服了酸洗對環(huán)境的污染。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">根據目前世界發(fā)展的趨勢,光亮連續爐基本分為三種類(lèi)型:</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">輥底式光亮熱處理爐。這種爐型適用于大規格、大批量鋼管熱處理,小時(shí)產(chǎn)量為</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">1.0</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">噸以上。可使用的保護氣體為高純度氫氣、分解氨及其它保護氣體。可以配備有對流冷卻系統,以便較快地冷卻鋼管。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2.</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">網(wǎng)帶式光亮熱處理爐。這種爐型適合于小直徑薄壁精密鋼管,小時(shí)產(chǎn)量約為</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">0.3-1.0</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">噸,處理鋼管長(cháng)度可達</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">40</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">米,也可以處理成卷的毛細管。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">3</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">馬弗式光亮熱處理爐。鋼管裝在連續的把架上,在馬弗管內運行加熱,能以較低的成本處理上等小直徑薄壁鋼管,小時(shí)產(chǎn)量約在</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">0.3</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">噸以上。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">西安不銹鋼管焊接要求熔深焊透,不含氧化物夾雜,熱影響區盡可能小,鎢極惰性氣體保護的氬弧焊具有較好的適應性,焊接質(zhì)量高、焊透性能好,其產(chǎn)品在化工、核工業(yè)和食品等工業(yè)中得到廣泛應用。</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> </p> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> 焊接速度不高是氬弧焊的不足之處,為提高焊接速度,國外研究開(kāi)發(fā)了多種方法。其中由單電極單焊炬發(fā)展采用多電極多焊炬的焊接方法在生產(chǎn)中應用。</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">70</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年代德國首先采用多焊炬沿焊縫方向直線(xiàn)排列,形成長(cháng)形熱流分布,明顯提高焊速。一般采用三電極焊炬的氬弧焊,焊接鋼管壁厚</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">S≥2mm</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,焊接速度比單焊炬提高</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">3-4</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">倍,焊接質(zhì)量也得以改善。氬弧焊與等離子焊組合可以焊接更大壁厚的鋼管,此外,在氬氣中</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">5-10%</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">的氫氣,再采用高頻脈沖焊接電源,也可提高焊接速度。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;"> 多焊炬氬弧焊適用于奧氏體和鐵素體不銹鋼管的焊接。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> 高頻焊用于碳鋼焊管生產(chǎn)已經(jīng)有</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">40</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">多年的歷史,但用于焊接不銹鋼管卻是較新的技術(shù)。其生產(chǎn)的經(jīng)濟性,使其產(chǎn)品更為廣泛地用于建筑裝飾、家用器具和機械結構領(lǐng)域。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> 高頻焊接具有較電源功率,對不同的材質(zhì)、外徑壁厚的鋼管都能達到較高的焊接速度。與氬弧焊相比,是其*高焊接速度的</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">10</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">倍以上。因此,生產(chǎn)一般用途的不銹鋼管具有較高的生產(chǎn)率。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;"> 因為高頻焊接速度高,給焊管內毛刺的去除帶來(lái)困難。目前,高頻焊不銹鋼管尚不能為化工、核工業(yè)所接受,這也是其原因之一。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> 從焊接材質(zhì)看,高頻焊可以焊接各種類(lèi)型的奧氏體不銹鋼管。同時(shí),新鋼種的開(kāi)發(fā)和成型焊接方法的進(jìn)步,也成功地焊接了鐵素體不銹鋼</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">AISI409</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">等鋼種。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;"> 西安不銹鋼管焊接的各種焊接方法均有各自的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和不足。如何揚長(cháng)避短,將幾種焊接方法加以組合形成新的焊接工藝,滿(mǎn)足人們對不銹鋼焊管質(zhì)量和生產(chǎn)效率的要求,是當前不銹鋼焊管技術(shù)發(fā)展的新趨勢。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;"> 經(jīng)過(guò)近幾年的探索研究,組合焊接工藝已取得了進(jìn)展,日本、法國等國家的不銹鋼焊管生產(chǎn)已掌握了一定的組合焊接技術(shù)。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;"> 組合焊接方法有:氬弧焊加等離子焊、高頻焊加等離子焊、高頻預熱加三焊炬氬弧焊、高頻預熱加等離子加氬弧焊。組合焊接提高焊速十分顯著(zhù)。對于采用高頻預熱的組合焊接鋼管焊縫質(zhì)量與常規的氬弧焊、等離子焊相當,焊接操作簡(jiǎn)單,整個(gè)焊接系統易實(shí)現自動(dòng)化,這種組合易于與現有的高頻焊接設備銜接,投資成本低,效益好。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">TIG</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">焊活性劑對焊縫成形的影響</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">01</span></span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">TIG</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">焊在生產(chǎn)中已經(jīng)得到廣泛的應用,它可以獲得上等焊縫,常用來(lái)焊接有色金屬、不銹鋼、超高強度鋼等材料。但是</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">TIG</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">焊存在熔深淺</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">(≤3mm)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、焊接效率低等缺點(diǎn),對于厚板需要開(kāi)坡口進(jìn)行多道焊。增大焊接電流雖然能使熔深增加,但熔寬和熔池體積增加的幅度要遠大于熔深的增加幅度。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">02</span></span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> 活性化</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">TIG</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">焊方法近年來(lái)引起了世界范圍內的重視。這種技術(shù)是在焊前將焊縫表面涂敷上一層活性焊劑</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">(</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)活性劑</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,在相同的焊接規范下,同常規的</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">TIG</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">焊相比,可以大幅度地提高熔深</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">(</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">*大可達</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">300%)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">。對于</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">8mm</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">的厚板焊接可以不開(kāi)坡口一次獲得較大的熔深或一次焊透,對于薄板可以在不改變焊接速度的情況下減小焊接熱輸入。目前</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">A-TIG</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">焊可以用于焊接不銹鋼、碳鋼、鎳基合金和鈦合金等材料。同傳統的</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">TIG</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">焊相比,</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">A-TIG</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">焊,可以大大地提高生產(chǎn)率,降低生產(chǎn)成本,同時(shí)還可以減小焊接變形,具有非常重要的應用前景。</span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">A-TIG</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">焊關(guān)鍵的因素在于活性劑成分的選配。目前常用的活性劑成分主要有氧化物、氯化物和氟化物,不同的材料,其適用的活性劑成分不同。但是由于這種技術(shù)的重要性,活性劑的成分和配方在</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">PWI</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">和</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">EWI</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">都有**限制,公開(kāi)出版物上很少報道。目前對</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">A-TIG</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">焊的研究主要集中在活性劑作用機理的研究和活性化焊接應用技術(shù)的研究?jì)蓚€(gè)方面。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">03</span></span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> 目前國內外開(kāi)發(fā)并使用的活性劑主要有三種類(lèi)型:氧化物、氟化物和氯化物。早期由</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">PWI</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">研制的用于鈦合金焊接的活性劑以氧化物和氯化物為主,但是氯化物的毒性大,不利于推廣和應用。目前國外焊接不銹鋼、碳鋼等所使用的活性劑以氧化物為主,而對于鈦合金材料的焊接其活性劑中含有一定的氟化物成分。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">04</span></span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> 單一成分的活性劑對不銹鋼焊縫成形的影響</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">:</span></span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">(1) </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">對于涂敷了</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">SiO2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">活性劑的焊縫,隨著(zhù)</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">SiO2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">涂敷量的增加,焊道寬度逐漸變窄,弧坑變長(cháng)變窄變深。焊道后部余高變高</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">,</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">在涂敷活性劑和未涂敷活性劑的交接處,焊道金屬堆積多,在所有活性劑中,</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">SiO2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">對焊縫成形作用效果*大。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">(2) </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">活性劑</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">NaF</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">Cr2O3</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">對焊道成形的影響不明顯。隨著(zhù)涂敷量的增加,焊縫寬度變化并不大,弧坑也沒(méi)有明顯變化。與無(wú)活性劑的焊縫相比,焊道寬度也沒(méi)有明顯的變化,但弧坑比無(wú)活性劑的要大。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">(3) </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">隨著(zhù)</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">TiO2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">涂敷量的增加,焊道外觀(guān)變化不大,弧坑沒(méi)有明顯變化,與無(wú)活性劑時(shí)相似。但所形成的焊縫表面比較平整規則,沒(méi)有出現咬邊現象,比無(wú)活性劑的焊道成形要好。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">(4) </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">活性劑</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">CaF2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">對焊道成形影響較大。隨著(zhù)</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">CaF2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">涂敷量的增加,焊縫成形變差,弧坑變化不大,焊縫寬度變化不大。但隨著(zhù)</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">CaF2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">量的增加出現咬邊等缺陷。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">(5) </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">對熔深的影響上,與無(wú)活性劑相比,上述五種活性劑都能夠增加焊縫的熔深,而且隨著(zhù)涂敷量的增加,熔深也相應的增加。但是當涂敷量達到一定值時(shí),熔深增加達到飽和,再增加涂敷量,熔深反而下降。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:small;">&nbsp;</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>

西安不銹鋼管的焊接方法大全

西安不銹鋼管熱處理國外普遍采用帶保護氣體的無(wú)氧化連續熱處理爐,進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的中間熱處理和*終的成品熱處理,由于可以獲得無(wú)氧化的光亮表面,從而取消了傳統的酸洗工序。這一熱處理工藝的采用,既改善了鋼管的質(zhì)量,又克服了酸洗對環(huán)境的污染。

根據目前世界發(fā)展的趨勢,光亮連續爐基本分為三種類(lèi)型:

1.輥底式光亮熱處理爐。這種爐型適用于大規格、大批量鋼管熱處理,小時(shí)產(chǎn)量為1.0噸以上。可使用的保護氣體為高純度氫氣、分解氨及其它保護氣體。可以配備有對流冷卻系統,以便較快地冷卻鋼管。

2.網(wǎng)帶式光亮熱處理爐。這種爐型適合于小直徑薄壁精密鋼管,小時(shí)產(chǎn)量約為0.3-1.0噸,處理鋼管長(cháng)度可達40米,也可以處理成卷的毛細管。

3馬弗式光亮熱處理爐。鋼管裝在連續的把架上,在馬弗管內運行加熱,能以較低的成本處理上等小直徑薄壁鋼管,小時(shí)產(chǎn)量約在0.3噸以上。

西安不銹鋼管焊接要求熔深焊透,不含氧化物夾雜,熱影響區盡可能小,鎢極惰性氣體保護的氬弧焊具有較好的適應性,焊接質(zhì)量高、焊透性能好,其產(chǎn)品在化工、核工業(yè)和食品等工業(yè)中得到廣泛應用。

焊接速度不高是氬弧焊的不足之處,為提高焊接速度,國外研究開(kāi)發(fā)了多種方法。其中由單電極單焊炬發(fā)展采用多電極多焊炬的焊接方法在生產(chǎn)中應用。70年代德國首先采用多焊炬沿焊縫方向直線(xiàn)排列,形成長(cháng)形熱流分布,明顯提高焊速。一般采用三電極焊炬的氬弧焊,焊接鋼管壁厚S≥2mm,焊接速度比單焊炬提高3-4倍,焊接質(zhì)量也得以改善。氬弧焊與等離子焊組合可以焊接更大壁厚的鋼管,此外,在氬氣中5-10%的氫氣,再采用高頻脈沖焊接電源,也可提高焊接速度。

多焊炬氬弧焊適用于奧氏體和鐵素體不銹鋼管的焊接。

高頻焊用于碳鋼焊管生產(chǎn)已經(jīng)有40多年的歷史,但用于焊接不銹鋼管卻是較新的技術(shù)。其生產(chǎn)的經(jīng)濟性,使其產(chǎn)品更為廣泛地用于建筑裝飾、家用器具和機械結構領(lǐng)域。

高頻焊接具有較電源功率,對不同的材質(zhì)、外徑壁厚的鋼管都能達到較高的焊接速度。與氬弧焊相比,是其*高焊接速度的10倍以上。因此,生產(chǎn)一般用途的不銹鋼管具有較高的生產(chǎn)率。

因為高頻焊接速度高,給焊管內毛刺的去除帶來(lái)困難。目前,高頻焊不銹鋼管尚不能為化工、核工業(yè)所接受,這也是其原因之一。

從焊接材質(zhì)看,高頻焊可以焊接各種類(lèi)型的奧氏體不銹鋼管。同時(shí),新鋼種的開(kāi)發(fā)和成型焊接方法的進(jìn)步,也成功地焊接了鐵素體不銹鋼AISI409等鋼種。

西安不銹鋼管焊接的各種焊接方法均有各自的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和不足。如何揚長(cháng)避短,將幾種焊接方法加以組合形成新的焊接工藝,滿(mǎn)足人們對不銹鋼焊管質(zhì)量和生產(chǎn)效率的要求,是當前不銹鋼焊管技術(shù)發(fā)展的新趨勢。

經(jīng)過(guò)近幾年的探索研究,組合焊接工藝已取得了進(jìn)展,日本、法國等國家的不銹鋼焊管生產(chǎn)已掌握了一定的組合焊接技術(shù)。

組合焊接方法有:氬弧焊加等離子焊、高頻焊加等離子焊、高頻預熱加三焊炬氬弧焊、高頻預熱加等離子加氬弧焊。組合焊接提高焊速十分顯著(zhù)。對于采用高頻預熱的組合焊接鋼管焊縫質(zhì)量與常規的氬弧焊、等離子焊相當,焊接操作簡(jiǎn)單,整個(gè)焊接系統易實(shí)現自動(dòng)化,這種組合易于與現有的高頻焊接設備銜接,投資成本低,效益好。

TIG焊活性劑對焊縫成形的影響

01

TIG焊在生產(chǎn)中已經(jīng)得到廣泛的應用,它可以獲得上等焊縫,常用來(lái)焊接有色金屬、不銹鋼、超高強度鋼等材料。但是TIG焊存在熔深淺(≤3mm)、焊接效率低等缺點(diǎn),對于厚板需要開(kāi)坡口進(jìn)行多道焊。增大焊接電流雖然能使熔深增加,但熔寬和熔池體積增加的幅度要遠大于熔深的增加幅度。

02

活性化TIG焊方法近年來(lái)引起了世界范圍內的重視。這種技術(shù)是在焊前將焊縫表面涂敷上一層活性焊劑(簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)活性劑),在相同的焊接規范下,同常規的TIG焊相比,可以大幅度地提高熔深(*大可達300%)。對于8mm的厚板焊接可以不開(kāi)坡口一次獲得較大的熔深或一次焊透,對于薄板可以在不改變焊接速度的情況下減小焊接熱輸入。目前A-TIG焊可以用于焊接不銹鋼、碳鋼、鎳基合金和鈦合金等材料。同傳統的TIG焊相比,A-TIG焊,可以大大地提高生產(chǎn)率,降低生產(chǎn)成本,同時(shí)還可以減小焊接變形,具有非常重要的應用前景。 A-TIG焊關(guān)鍵的因素在于活性劑成分的選配。目前常用的活性劑成分主要有氧化物、氯化物和氟化物,不同的材料,其適用的活性劑成分不同。但是由于這種技術(shù)的重要性,活性劑的成分和配方在PWIEWI都有**限制,公開(kāi)出版物上很少報道。目前對A-TIG焊的研究主要集中在活性劑作用機理的研究和活性化焊接應用技術(shù)的研究?jì)蓚€(gè)方面。

03

目前國內外開(kāi)發(fā)并使用的活性劑主要有三種類(lèi)型:氧化物、氟化物和氯化物。早期由PWI研制的用于鈦合金焊接的活性劑以氧化物和氯化物為主,但是氯化物的毒性大,不利于推廣和應用。目前國外焊接不銹鋼、碳鋼等所使用的活性劑以氧化物為主,而對于鈦合金材料的焊接其活性劑中含有一定的氟化物成分。

04

單一成分的活性劑對不銹鋼焊縫成形的影響:

(1) 對于涂敷了SiO2活性劑的焊縫,隨著(zhù)SiO2涂敷量的增加,焊道寬度逐漸變窄,弧坑變長(cháng)變窄變深。焊道后部余高變高,在涂敷活性劑和未涂敷活性劑的交接處,焊道金屬堆積多,在所有活性劑中,SiO2對焊縫成形作用效果*大。

(2) 活性劑NaFCr2O3對焊道成形的影響不明顯。隨著(zhù)涂敷量的增加,焊縫寬度變化并不大,弧坑也沒(méi)有明顯變化。與無(wú)活性劑的焊縫相比,焊道寬度也沒(méi)有明顯的變化,但弧坑比無(wú)活性劑的要大。

(3) 隨著(zhù)TiO2涂敷量的增加,焊道外觀(guān)變化不大,弧坑沒(méi)有明顯變化,與無(wú)活性劑時(shí)相似。但所形成的焊縫表面比較平整規則,沒(méi)有出現咬邊現象,比無(wú)活性劑的焊道成形要好。

(4) 活性劑CaF2對焊道成形影響較大。隨著(zhù)CaF2涂敷量的增加,焊縫成形變差,弧坑變化不大,焊縫寬度變化不大。但隨著(zhù)CaF2量的增加出現咬邊等缺陷。

(5) 對熔深的影響上,與無(wú)活性劑相比,上述五種活性劑都能夠增加焊縫的熔深,而且隨著(zhù)涂敷量的增加,熔深也相應的增加。但是當涂敷量達到一定值時(shí),熔深增加達到飽和,再增加涂敷量,熔深反而下降。

 

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