摘要：<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">不銹鋼管脫脂方法與脫脂劑的選擇</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">直接法生產(chǎn)濃硝酸裝置、空氣分離裝置和煉油、化工工程中的一切忌油不銹鋼管和管件必須按設計要求進(jìn)行脫脂。脫脂的目的就是避免輸送或儲存的物料遇油脂或有機物可能引起爆炸</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">避免輸送或儲存的物料和油脂或有機物相混合</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">控制油脂含量，以保證催化劑的活性</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">控制油脂及有機物的含量，以保證產(chǎn)品的純度。已安裝的不銹鋼管應拆卸成管段進(jìn)行脫脂。安裝后不能拆卸的管道應在安裝前進(jìn)行脫脂</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">有明顯油跡或嚴重銹蝕的不銹鋼管，應先用蒸汽吹掃、噴砂或其他方法**干凈，再進(jìn)行脫脂。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不銹鋼管脫脂可采用有機溶劑</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">(</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">二氯乙烷、三氯乙烯、四氯化碳、工業(yè)酒精、溶劑</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">苯、丙酮等</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、濃硝酸或堿液進(jìn)行。工業(yè)用二氯乙烷適用于金屬件的脫脂</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">工業(yè)用四氯化碳適用于黑色金屬及非金屬件的脫脂</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">三氯乙烯適用于金屬件及有色金屬件</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">的脫脂</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">工業(yè)酒精濃度不低于</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">86%</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">，適用于脫脂要求不高及容器內表面人工擦洗</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;88%</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">的濃硝酸，適用于濃硝酸裝置的部分管件和瓷環(huán)等的脫脂。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">不銹鋼管脫脂時(shí)</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">鋼管外表面如有泥垢，可先用凈水沖洗干凈，并自然吹干，然后用干布浸脫脂劑揩擦除油，再放在露天干燥。對不銹鋼管內表面進(jìn)行脫脂時(shí)，可將管子的一端用木塞</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">堵嚴或用其他方法封閉。從另一端注入該管容積</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">15%-20%</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">的脫脂溶劑，然后以木塞封閉，放在平整干凈的地方或置于有枕木的工作臺上浸泡</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US"> 60-80min</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">，并每隔</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">20min</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">轉動(dòng)一次管子。不銹鋼彎管如</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">需要脫脂應適當增加脫脂溶劑，使之**浸泡。脫脂后，將管內溶劑倒出，用排風(fēng)機將管內吹干，或用不含油的壓縮空氣或氮氣吹干或用自然風(fēng)吹</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">24</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">小時(shí)，充分吹</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">干。大口徑管子可用棉布浸蘸溶劑人工擦洗</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">小口徑不銹鋼管也可整根放在盛有溶劑的長(cháng)槽內浸泡</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US"> 60</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">至</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">80</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">分鐘。濃硝酸裝置的濃硝酸管道和設備，可在全部安裝后直接以</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">88%</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">的濃硝酸用泵打循環(huán)進(jìn)行酸洗。循環(huán)不到或不耐濃硝酸腐蝕的管子必須單獨脫脂。</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">閥門(mén)、墊片等管件在酸洗前也應單獨脫脂。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>